ARCHIVES : HILCHOS BEIN HAMETZORIM
HALACHOS OF THE THREE WEEKS,NINE DAYS AND TISHA B’AV
REVIEW: 2013
Halachos for Thursday, June 20 , 2013
1) The twenty one day period between the 17th of Tamuz
(the day the walls of Yerushalayim were breached) and the 9th of Av (the day
the Bais HaMikdash was set afire) is known as "Bein Hametzorim, between
the straits", a reference to their being between two significant
calamities.
This time period is more commonly referred to simply as
"the Three Weeks".
2) This solemn period in the Jewish calendar is a time
for reflection of our relationship to one another, especially as it relates to
"Sinas Chinam, baseless hatred", the sin that brought about the
destruction of the Bais Hamikdash, the sin which the Talmud states is equal in
severity to transgressing the three cardinal sins of idol worship, murder and
sexual depravity.
The Netziv, HaRav Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin (in
Shu"t Mayshiv Davar Vol.1 Siman 44)
If one saw another Jew relying on a Halachic leniency
which was accepted in that person's community, but wasn't relied upon in their
own circles, instead of accepting that "Eilu V'Eilu Divrei Elokim
Chaim" (See Talmud Eruvin 13b)
All Jews who long for the arrival of Mashiach and the
rebuilding of the Bais Hamikdash - and the Jewish nation- to its former glory,
should try and rectify themselves during this period, especially in this
crucial area of Sinas Chinam.
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, June 21 , 2013
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh
1) Swimming in a pool or lake is permitted during the
'three weeks' until Rosh Chodesh Av, at which time it is customary to refrain
from swimming until after Tisha B'Av.
2) When swimming in the 'three weeks' extra care
should be taken to avoid dangerous activity as this time period is predisposed
to Sakana, danger.
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) Weddings are not celebrated for the duration of the
'three weeks'.
It is, however, permitted for a boy and a girl to become
engaged for marriage during the entire 'three weeks', and they may even prepare
a "Tenaim" or engagement Seudah, without music and dancing, until
Rosh Chodesh Av.
2) From Rosh Chodesh Av until after Tisha B'Av no
engagement Seudah may be held, but a simple "Tenaim writing ceremony"
with light refreshments may be served.
Halachos for Sunday, June 23, 2013
1) The Mishna (Ta'anis 26a) states "Mishenichnas Av
M'Ma'atin B'Simcha, When [the month of] Av enters we diminish [our expressions
of] Simcha.
Some Poskim go so far as to say that not only must we diminish our Simcha,
we must refrain from it altogether. (Mogen Avrohom based on the
opinion of Tosefos, quoted in Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 1)
2) Of course this does not mean we should be despondent, as a Jew should
never be despondent, rather it means we must feel the pain and sadness of the
Churban, the destruction of the holy temple, and do our part to try and
hasten the Geulah.
Halachos for Monday, June 24, 2013
1) One who has a court case with a non-Jew should avoid
it taking place during the month of Av when our Mazel is weakened.(Shulchan
Aruch Siman 551:1 based on Talmud Ta'anis 29b)
2)The court case should be pushed off until Rosh Chodesh
Elul or at least until after Tisha B'Av (the optimal time, if possible, for
such a court case is in the month of Adar when our Mazel is strongest.)(See
Talmud ibid. and Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 2)
Halachos for Tuesday, June 25, 2013
1) We mentioned the Mishna (Ta'anis 26a) that
states "Mishenichnas Av M'Ma'atin B'Simcha, When [the month of] Av enters
we diminish [our expressions of] Simcha.
Until when does this diminishing Simcha continue, and at
what point to we begin increasing the Simcha?
The Mogen Avrohom (quoted in Mishna Berura Siman
551 S"K 2)maintains that the entire month of Av, until Rosh Chodesh
Elul, is a time for diminished Simcha.
The Korban Nesanel (Ta'anis Perek 4 os 5 based
on his understanding of the Zohar Parashas Yisro, quoted in Sha'ar HaTziyun
Siman 551 Os 2) maintains that immediately after Tisha B'Av we once
again start increasing our Simcha.
2) The Chasam Sofer (in his commentary to the
Shulchan Aruch Siman 551:1) rules like the Korban Nesanel that the
Simcha should only diminish until right after Tisha B'Av passes, or at most
until the 15th day of Av, "Tu B'Av", a holiday, a day
of Simcha unparalleled in the Jewish calendar (as is stated in the
very same Mishna Ta'anis 26b) which surely causes the sadness of
"Bein Hametzorim" to pass and the joy to once again begin anew.
He then writes, based on the Talmud Yerushalmi, that the
month of Av is actually split into two parts; from Rosh Chodesh until Tisha
B'Av is called Chodesh Av (and is the sad portion) and from after Tisha B'Av
until Elul is called Chodesh Meachem [Av] (and is the joyous part of the
month).
Interestingly, when dating his Teshuvos (responsa), the
Chasam Sofer often followed the aforementioned formula, and many Teshuvos
written between Rosh Chodesh and Tisha B'Av were dated as written in
"Av" (e.g. Even HaEzer Siman 92) whereas many
written post Tisha B'Av were dated as written in "Menachem" (e.g.
Yoreh Deah Siman42) or as "Menachem Av" (e.g. Even
HaEzer Siman 95)
The prevalent custom amongst Klal Yisroel is to refer to
the entire month as "Menachem Av".
Halachos for Wednesday, June 26, 2013
1) severity of the prohibitions of the 'three weeks'
increase for the last 'nine days' from Rosh Chodesh Menachem Av through Tisha
B'Av, and increase even further for the actual week in which Tisha B'Av falls. (See
Shulchan Aruch Siman 551: 2 and 3)
During the nine days we do not eat meat or poultry, and
we don't drink wine. (See Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 58 and
Aruch HaShulchan Siman 551:24. This includes minors; See Mishna Berura S"K
70)
However, if someone is ill (this includes a mother of a
newborn or similarly ill individual) and meat will make them feel better,
he/she may eat meat. However, If possible, the ill person should abstain from
meat from the 7th of Av (the day the idol worshippers entered the Heichal of
the Bais HaMikdash) until after Tisha B'Av.(See Mishna Berura Siman 551
S"K 61)
The prohibition against eating meat does not apply on
Shabbos or at a Seudas Mitzvah (e.g. Bris, Pidyon Haben, and Siyum on a
tractate of Talmud) (Rama Siman 551:10 and Mishna Berura S"K 73.
We will discuss more details pertaining to "Seudas Mitzvah" tomorrow
B'Ezras Hashem)
2) There is a discussion in the Poskim whether one may
eat leftover meat and meat dishes from Shabbos on Motzaei Shabbos and Sunday.
The prevalent custom, based on the consensus of most contemporary Poskim is to
be stringent with this. (See Aruch Hashulchan Siman 551:24 and Birchei
Yosef Siman 551:6 and Sha'arei Teshuva Siman 551 Os 29)
Regarding the cup of wine at Havdalah, according to many
Poskim it is best to have a child drink it (This child must be old enough to
understand that you are being Motzaei him with the Bracha of HaGafen but not
too old that he comprehends how to mourn the Churban, and thus cannot drink
wine either. Rav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal and other Poskim maintained that
such a child is hard to find and thus rule that it is always best to drink it
yourself even if a child is available). (See Rama Siman 551:10 and
Mishna Berura S"K 70)
If no child is available, the one who recited Havdalah
may drink it.(ibid.)
Halachos for Thursday, June 27, 2013
1) At a "Seudas Mitzvah" during the 'nine days'
meat and wine (during the meal as well as for Birchas Hamazon) is permitted.(Rama
Siman 551:10 and Mishna Berura S"K 72 and 75)
The allowance is not just for the one celebrating the
"Simcha" but also for his wife, children as well as for his friends
and any other man or woman who would otherwise have been invited to the meal
had it not been during the 'nine days' as well. (See Mishna Berura
S"K 73)
2) One who attends the Seudas Mitzvah just in order to
eat meat and drink wine, but has no particular closeness or friendship to the
one making the Simcha has transgressed a sin by eating meat or drinking wine. (Mogen
Avrohom in the name of the MaHaril, quoted in Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K
76)
Only while actually in attendance at the
Seudas Mitzvah is the meat and wine permitted; meat and wine sent from the
Seudah to someone's home is prohibited. (Mishna Berura S"K 75)
Once the actual week of Tisha B'Av arrives, only ten of
the guests (besides the ones making the Simcha) may eat meat and drink wine,
while the rest of the attendees must eat non-meat and wine items. (Rama
ibid. and Mishna Berura S"K 77)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, June 28, 2013
Halachos for Erev Shabos Kodesh
1) A meal in conjunction with a Siyum upon completing a
Masechta (tractate of Mishna or Talmud) is considered a Seudas Mitzvah and
may contain meat and wine when celebrated during the 'nine days'. (Rama
Siman 551:10)
2) If one would not otherwise have finished the Masechta
he was learning in time for a Siyum in the 'nine days' he should not increase
or decrease his speed of learning in order to have it "conveniently"
fall out in time for a meat meal in the 'nine days'.(Mishna Berura Siman
551 S"K 73)
Likewise, if one would usually not make a Siyum with a
meal for finishing whatever it is he finished, had it not been in the 'nine
days', he should not make it during the 'nine days' either. (ibid.)
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) Even those who did not finish the Masechta or even
learn any part of it together with the one making the Siyum, may participate in
the meal and partake of the meat and wine, provided that they would have
participated in the meal had it taken place at a different time of year as
well. (ibid. See also Biur Halacha Dibur Hamaschil V'Siyum Maseches
where he brings a more stringent opinion from Rav Yaakov Emden Zatzal regarding
who may be on the Siyum guest list during the 'nine days')
2) Like any Seudas Mitzvah, once the week of Tisha B'Av
arrives, only ten of the guests (besides the ones making the Siyum) may eat
meat and drink wine, while the rest of the attendees must eat non-meat and wine
items. (Rama ibid. and Mishna Berura S"K 77)
Halachos for Sunday, June 30, 2013
1) A Seudas Bar Mitzvah is considered a Seudas Mitzvah
and a meat meal may be served at the Bar Mitzvah celebration during the 'nine
days'.
If, however, the meal is taking place on a day other
than the actual day on which the boy turns thirteen years of age, it may only
be considered a Seudas Mitzvah, according to some Poskim, if the boy gives a
speech with Torah content(See Chayei Adam Klal 133:16 and Mogen Avraham
Siman 225:4 quoting the Yam Shel Shlomo Bava Kama Perek 5 Siman 37)
In the week in which Tisha B'Av falls, if it isn't the
boy's actual thirteenth birthday, a Seudas Bar Mitvah should not be scheduled,
rather it should be postponed until after Tisha B'av.(Ruling of Harav Chaim
Kanievsky Shlita quoted in Sefer Yad B'Bein Hametzorim page 86 footnote 17)
2) Many people have the custom to make a Seudah on the
eve before a baby's Bris. This is referred to as a "Vacht Nacht
Seudah".(
Some Poskim(Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Siman 122:8) prohibit
serving meat and wine at such a Seudah that takes place during the 'nine days',
while some(See Sha'arei Teshuva Siman 551:33) allow it, besides for
the actual week in which Tisha B'av falls out.
The Shvus Yaakov (Vol. 3 Siman 36, quoted in
Sha'rei Teshuva above) allows only one item (either meat or wine) at
such a Seuda, in order that there at least some sort of a remembrance of the
Churban Bais HaMikdash.)
Halachos for Monday, July 1, 2013
1) It is prohibited to launder clothing, or even to wear
freshly laundered clothing or use freshly laundered linen, tablecloths and
towels, during the nine days, except for on Shabbos. (Shulchan Aruch
and Rama Siman 551:3)
2) It is similarly prohibited to give clothing to a
non-Jewish dry cleaner or Laundromat (or a non-Jewish housekeeper) in this time
period, even if the clothing isn't needed for the nine days, and will only be
picked up and worn after Tisha B'Av. Clothing that is needed for very small
children, may be laundered in small loads, as needed.(Rama ibid. and Mishna Berura
S"K 83)
If a Jew owns a dry cleaners or a Laundromat, he may
clean clothing of non-Jews during the nine days, if his Parnassah depends on
it. (See Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 42)
Halachos for Tuesday, July 2, 2013
1) It is the accepted custom to prohibit showering the
entire body at once in the regular manner during the nine days, even with cold
water, besides for a shower on Erev Shabbos. (Rama Siman 551:16 and
Mishna Berura S"K 94)
2) If one is unable to go nine days without a shower, as
is the case for most people nowadays, certainly in the United States where most
people shower daily, there are various leniencies discussed by the Poskim. Some
allow showering without soap & shampoo. Some Poskim allow only cold showers
(or at least not as hot as one is accustomed to).
Halachos for Wednesday, July 3, 2013
1) Obviously, for medical reasons regular hot showers are
permitted during the 'nine days'.
Thus, pregnant women, mothers of newborns, and
other frail people may shower as necessary. (See Sha'ar HaTziyun Siman
551 os 94. According to many Poskim, one who is extremely sweaty may also
shower, with cold water, to freshen up without shampoo and soap, as this isn't
considered washing for pleasure. See Aruch Hashulchan Siman 551:38 and
Igros Moshe Even HaEzer Vol. 4 Siman 84:4)
2) One who has the custom to immerse in a Mikvah every
day, without fail, may immerse in a Mikvah during the 'nine days' provided the
water is not hot. (See Aruch HaShulchan Siman 551:35)
Likewise, one who has the custom to immerse in a Mikvah
each Erev Shabbos, without fail, may do so on Erev Shabbos Chazon as well,
provided the water is not hot. (Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 95
and Sha'ar HaTziyun os 98)
For Halacha L'Ma'aseh, as always, a Rav must be
consulted.
Halachos for Thursday, July 4, 2013
1) It is prohibited to sew any new clothing or shoes in
the 'nine days', including socks and similar garments. (Shulchan Aruch
Siman 551:7 and Mishna Berura S"K 46.)
New shoes may also not be worn in the 'nine days'. (Mishna
Berura S"K 47)
2) An article of clothing that ripped during the nine
days may be mended and worn, as the prohibition against sewing clothing is only
applicable to making new clothing. Similarly, if a button fell off a shirt or
any other article of clothing, it may be sewn on during the nine days. (See
Kaf HaChaim Siman 551:115)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, July 5, 2013
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh
1) One should not purchase new eyeglass frames during the
nine days unless they are necessary for seeing properly. Similarly, one may
purchase new lenses for their current frames if the prescription has increased,
and is thus necessary for improved vision.
2) It is permissible, in the 'nine days' to tie Tzitzis
strings onto the four cornered garment for the first time, thus making them
useable for the Mitzvah, as this isn't considered creating a garment. (Ruling
of HaRav Nisim Karelitz Shlita, quoted in Sefer Yad B'bein Hametzorim page 77)
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) As we mentioned, the severity of the mourning during
Bein Hametzorim increases as it progresses; 'the three weeks' bring with them
certain limitations, the 'nine days' bring additional restrictions and 'Shavua
Shechal Bo, the actual week in which Tisha B'Av falls has the most stringent
Halachos.
In a year when Tisha B'Av falls out on Shabbos and
thus the fast is observed on the following day, Sunday, do we say that there is
no 'Shavua Shechal Bo' at all (as is the case when Tisha B'Av actually
falls out on Sunday. See Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 38) or on the
contrary do we deem the entire preceding week as 'Shavua Shechal Bo'?
2) The Shulchan Aruch (Siman 551:4) in
the first opinion rules that there is no 'Shavua Shechal Bo' and none of its
stringencies apply that year. (As although the ninth of Av was on
Shabbos we treat the day we observe it, Sunday the 10th of Av,
as if it was the 9th. See also Shulchan Aruch Siman 554:19 where he
rules like this opinion as well, removing all prohibitions of Tisha B'Av when
it falls out on Shabbos and transferring them to the following day.)
However, in the second opinion he rules that the
entire preceding week is treated as 'Shavua Shechal Bo' (as although
we don't observe the fast on the 9th, due to its being Shabbos, it
is still deemed Tisha B'Av) with the exception of Thursday and Friday
which due to Kavod Shabbos we don't give them a stringent status. (The
Rama in Siman 554:19 rules like this opinion and prohibits marital relations on
this Shabbos, as only public displays of mourning were postponed to the
following day, but otherwise the 9thretains its status as Tisha
B'Av. See Mishna Berura Siman 554 S"K 40 regarding if and when we rule
like the Shulchan Aruch or the Rama in this situation. See also Shu"t
Avnei Nezer Orach Chaim Siman 426 for a lengthier discussion of this
Machlokes.)
For Halacha L'Ma'aseh as to whether 'Shavua Shechal Bo'
applies to Sunday through Wednesday, the 3rd through the 6th of
Av, a Rav should be consulted.
Halachos for Sunday, July 7 2013
1) When Shabbos Chazon falls out on Erev Tisha B'Av (as
it does this year), it is permitted to eat meat and drink wine at all three
meals. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 552:10)
However, the third meal (Seuda Shlishis/Seudah
Hamafsekes) must be finished [with Birchas Hamazon] ample time before sunset,
as the fast begins at sunset , unlike other Shabassos where one may extend his
Seudah Shlishis beyond Sunset and it is still considered Shabbos as long as
Birchas Hamazon was not recited.(See Mishna Berura S"K 24).
2) It is permissible to sing Zemiros at all the Seudos of
Shabbos, even for those who don't usually sing Zemiros every Shabbos. (See
Shu"t Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 4 Siman 112:1)
One may eat and/or drink at the Seudah Shlishis in order
to have strength to fast on Tisha B'Av; however it's best not to verbalize this
intention, as that would be "Hachana", preparing on Shabbos for after
Shabbos.
Halachos for Monday, July 8 2013
NOTE: The following halachos ar e not applicable this
year, as Tisha B'Av
1) When the ninth of Av falls out on Shabbos and thus the
fast of Tisha B'Av is observed on Sunday, according to the Shulchan Aruch(Siman
554:19) none of the restrictions of Tisha B'Av are applicable on
Shabbos, and thus marital relations are permitted on Shabbos.
However, the Rama (ibid.) rules that
marital relations, as well as washing the hands and face with hot water, are
forbidden on this Shabbos as only public displays of mourning are forbidden on
Shabbos. (See Mishna Berura S"K 39)
The prevalent custom [amongst Ashkenazim] is to be
stringent like the Rama's ruling, except if that Friday night is the Leil
Tevilah, the night the woman immerses in the Mikvah, in which case most Poskim
rely on the Shulchan Aruch's ruling and permit it. (See Mishna Berura
Siman 554 S"K 40)
2) When Tisha B'Av is on Sunday, Havdalah is not recited
on Motzaei Shabbos over a cup of wine, nor is the Bracha recited on the
Besamim, as that is a pleasurable thing to do and thus not appropriate for
Tisha B'Av. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 556:1 and Mishna Berura S"K 1.
See also Aruch HaShulchan Siman 556:1)
On Motzaei Tisha B'Av (Sunday night) Havdalah
is recited over a cup of wine. Only the Bracha of Hagafen and Havdalah are
recited but not the Pesukim usually said before the Bracha on Motzaei Shabbos
(Hinei Kel Yeshuasi...) and not the Bracha over Besamim or fire, as those are
recited only on Motzaei Shabbos. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 556:1)
Halachos for Tuesday, July 9 2013
1) When Erev Tisha B'Av is on Shabbos, as it is this
year, according to some Poskim it is prohibited to learn Torah (besides for
specific topics which are allowed on Tisha B'Av, which we will discuss more in
detail in a few days B'Ezras Hashem) after Chatzos (Halachic midday) as it is
on a regular weekday Erev Tisha B'Av; this would include studying Pirkei
Avos. (See Rama Siman 553:2)
Before Chatzos all agree that it is permitted to learn
all Torah topics. (See Mishna Berura Siman 553 S"K 9)
2) Other Poskim maintain that it is permitted to learn
the entire Shabbos. (See Mishna Berura Siman 553 S"K 8 where he
quotes many Poskim, including the MaHarshal and the Gaon of Vilna who rule this
way and consider it a "superfluous stringency" to not learn.)
Reading Shnayim Mikra V'echad Targum ,the required
reading of each week's Parasha twice and its Targum once, is permitted.(Kitzur
Shulchan Aruch Siman 125:4)
1) When Tisha B'Av falls on Motzaei Shabbos (or on Friday
night, and is thus postponed until Motzaei Shabbos, as it is this year), the
Seudah Shlishis must be over before sunset. (Rama Siman 552:10)
Additionally, all the other restrictions of Tisha B'Av,
besides wearing leather shoes, must be observed immediately at sunset.(Rama
Siman 593:2 and Chayei Adam Klal 136:1)
The leather shoes are not removed until after
"Barchu" of Ma'ariv is recited, besides for the Ba'al Tefilah who
removes his shoes before Barchu, after reciting 'Baruch Hamavdil Bein Kodesh
L'Chol'. (Rama ibid. and Mishna Berura S"K 7. See also Shemiras
Shabbos Kehilchaso Perek 28 footnote 179 where he quotes another option from
HaRav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal)
2) When the leather shoes are removed after 'Barchu' care
should be taken not to touch the shoes, to avoid having to wash the hands
before continuing Ma'ariv. If they were touched, the hands should be rubbed on
the table, wall or another hard surface. (See Mishna Berura Siman 553
S"K 6)
Halachos for Wednesday, July 10 2013
1) During Ma'ariv on Motzaei Shabbos that is Tisha B'Av,
the Tefilah of "Vi'Hi Noam" which is usually precedes the Tefilah of
"V'Ata Kadosh" is not recited, as it was primarily composed to
commemorate the building of the Mishkan, the forerunner of the Bais HaMikdash,
thus we don't say it on the anniversary of its destruction. (Shulchan
Aruch Siman 559:2 and Mishna Berura S"K 7)
2) Additionally, the Tefilah of "La'Menatzeach
B'neginos" which is recited in many Shuls each Motzaei Shabbos is not
recited, nor is the Tefilah of "Veyiten Lecha" recited on Motzaei
Shabbos that is Tisha B'Av. (Rama Siman 559:2)
Halachos for Thurday, July 11 2013
1) There are five main things that bring a person
enjoyment, and are therefore prohibited on Tisha B'Av:
1.
Eating /Drinking (this includes brushing teeth and rinsing the mouth
with water)
2) On Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to learn Torah since
learning Torah brings happiness, as the Posuk states Pekudei Hashem Yesharim,
Mesamchei Lev (Tehilim 19) and on Tisha B'Av all Jews assume
the status of mourners, and thus are prohibited from doing activities that
bring happiness.
It is, however, permitted to learn certain sad
topics that remind us of our bitter Galus ,e.g. Certain parts of Sefer
Yirmiyahu, Midrash Eicha, the Agaddah in the fifth Perek of Gittin (Starting
from 56b ) or the Talmud Yerushalmi at the end of tractate Ta'anis that
deals with the Churban etc. (See Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah Siman
384:4)
The prohibition to learn begins on Erev Tisha B'Av after
Chatzos. However, one may learn the permitted topics B'Iyun on Erev Tisha B'Av,
as only on Tisha B'Av itself do we limit the depth allowed.(See Halichos
Shlomo Perek 15:1. Regarding when Erev Tisha B'Av is on Shabbos, see Halachos
of this past Sunday.)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, July 12 2013
Halachos For Erev Shabbos Kodesh
1) Smoking cigarettes/Cigars is prohibited on Tisha B'Av.
Some authorities allow it after Chatzos (Halachic midday) if done privately. (Many
contemporary Poskim prohibit smoking altogether, even the rest of the year.
See Q&A#542 regarding
the Halachic status of smoking)
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) The Chazon Ish and other Gedolei Yisroel would not
wear any shoes on Tisha B'Av and spent the day in socks or with very thin
footwear so that they would "feel the floor". (See Halichos
Shlomo Perek 15:4. Rav Moshe Sternbuch shlita and Rav Nisim Karelitz shlita
also rule that a Yerei Shomayim, a G-d fearing person, should avoid shoes that
are worn all year round for comfort, even if they aren't leather)
2) Even those who are more lenient on Yom Kippur and wear
comfortable non-leather shoes should be more stringent on Tisha B'Av as we try
to minimize comforts on Tisha B'Av as much as possible. (Halichos
Shlomo Perek 15 footnote 5 quoting the Sha'arei Teshuva Siman 554:11 and
footnotes Orchos Halacha there 19-21)
For Halacha L'Ma'aseh, as always, a Rav must be
consulted.
Halachos for Sunday, July 14 2013
1) On Tisha B'Av it is customary to limit one's pleasures as much as possible.
Some people have the custom to sleep with a stone under their pillow to make
their sleep uncomfortable.
Many people simply sleep with one pillow less than they are accustomed to.
Each person can do whatever it is they feel would minimize their personal
comfort, and thus satisfy the spirit of Aveilus. ( Shulchan Aruch and Rama
Siman 551:2. See also Toras Moshe from the Chasam Sofer Bereishis 28:11 where
he writes that the day that Yaakov Avinu slept on the stone(s) was Tisha B'Av)
From nightfall of Tisha B'Av until Chatzos (Halachic midday)we do not sit on
chairs that are higher than 3 Tefachim (between 9 and 12 inches depending on
whose measurements you follow, though the Chazon Ish and the Steipler were not
stringent with the exact measurement in this case, and just sat on a low
stool).
Some have the custom to sit on the floor; they should place something, like a
towel, between themselves and the floor. (See Shulchan AruchSiman 559:3 and
Mishna Berura S"K 10 and Sha'arei Teshuva Os 2)
Though sitting on regular chairs is permitted after Chatzos, the other
prohibitions of Tisha B'Av (eating, washing etc.) are prohibited all day until
the emergence of three stars on Motzaei Tisha B'Av.
2) Tefillin is not donned at Shacharis on Tisha B'Av, rather they are worn at
Mincha. (See Shulchan Aruch Siman 551:1)
The special Bracha of "Nacheim" which asks Hashem to comfort us from
our state of mourning, is inserted into the Bracha of
"V'LiRushalayimIrcha" in the Shemona Esrei of Mincha. It should be
said with deep Kavanah(concentration) (Shulchan Aruch Siman 557:1)
Halachos for Monday, July 15 2013
1) Kiddush Levana is recited after Ma'ariv on Motzaei TishaB'Av, but should
only be recited after breaking the fast and changing into regular shoes.
Women do not say Kiddush Levana (ever).
It is proper to say Kiddush Levana with a large Minyan(B'Rov Am Hadras Melech),
but B'Dieved it may be recited with just another person there or even alone if
no one is around.
2) All the Halachos of the nine days (meat, wine, music,cutting hair etc.) are
in effect until after midday of the tenth of Av. One who abstains from the
above for the entire day (even past midday) is blessed. (Shulchan Aruch and
Rama Siman 558:1 and Sha'arei Teshuva Os 2)
[When Tisha B'Av falls out on Thursday, it is permitted to do laundry
immediately after the fast is over, and no need to wait until after Chatzos on
Friday. Haircuts, too, are permissible if it will be difficult to wait until
Friday. Eating meat, wine, listening to music, however, is still prohibited
until after Chatzos on Erev Shabbos. (Mishna Berura Siman 558 S"K 3)]
It is proper to refrain from marital relations on the night of the tenth of Av,
unless that is the night of Tevilah. (Mishna berura Siman 558 S"K 2)
[When Tisha B'Av falls out on Shabbos and is thus pushed off until
Sunday, all the prohibitions of the nine days, with the exception of meat and
wine, are permitted immediately on Sunday night, Motzaei Tisha B'Av . (Rama
Siman 558:1)
Meat and wine is permitted on Monday morning. (ibid.)]
Halachos for Tuesday, July 16 2013
1) After the conclusion of Shacharis and Kinos on Tisha B'Av morning it is
customary to visit a Jewish cemetery and stand at least four Amos away from the
actual graves and recite prayers and request that Hashem have mercy on us in
the merit of the Neshamos, souls, of the deceased.(Rama Siman 559:10 and Mishna
Berura S"K 41)
If no Jewish cemetery is nearby, standing outside of a non-Jewish cemetery also
suffices, as it reminds us that we are "lifeless" in our mourning.
(Mishna Berura ibid.)
This visit to the cemetery should be alone or with one more person, but not
with a group, as that will be considered a "trip" which is forbidden
lest it lead to levity and lightheadedness and our minds forgetting about the
Churban Bais HaMikdash. (Mishna Berura ibid. based on Shulchan Aruch Siman
554:21)
If this visit to the cemetery will necessitate wearing leather shoes, it is
best to forgo the visit.(Mishna Berura ibid.)
2) No preparations should be made for the post Tisha B'Av meal until after
Chatzos (Halachic midday) on Tisha B'Av day. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 559:10)
The house should not be cleaned up nor should the beds be made up before
Chatzos on Tisha B'Av day.(See Aruch HaShulchan Siman 554:21)
1) The final meal before the
fast begins, is referred to as “ Seudah Hamafsekes”.
Only bread and one cooked dish should be eaten at
this meal. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 552)
2) After the Seudah Hamafsekes, it is still permissible to
eat and drink until sunset, unless one explicitly accepted verbally [and
according to some Poskim,even mentally] that he wants to begin his fast
already. (See Shulchan Aruch and Rama Siman 553:1)
Three adult men should not eat together at the Seudas Hamafsekes,
as to avoid being obligated in a zimun.
However, If they did eat together they still do not recite
the zimun at the conclusion of this meal, and each one should reite Brchas
Hamazon on their own.. ( See Shulchan Aruch Siman 552:8 and Mishna Berura S”K
19)
This concludes our studying
the Halachos of Bein Hametzorim.
לשנה
הבאה בירושלים הבנויה
This concludes our studying the Halachos of Bein Hametzorim.
May it be the will of Hashem that we not need to review these Halachos ever again, and instead may we all learn, from our teacher Mashiach Tzidkeinu, the "practical" Halachos of how to build the Bais Hamikdash and how to bring Karbanos.
לשנה הבאה בירושלים הבנויה
Halachos for Thursday, June 20 , 2013
1) The twenty one day period between the 17th of Tamuz
(the day the walls of Yerushalayim were breached) and the 9th of Av (the day
the Bais HaMikdash was set afire) is known as "Bein Hametzorim, between
the straits", a reference to their being between two significant
calamities.
This time period is more commonly referred to simply as
"the Three Weeks".
2) This solemn period in the Jewish calendar is a time
for reflection of our relationship to one another, especially as it relates to
"Sinas Chinam, baseless hatred", the sin that brought about the
destruction of the Bais Hamikdash, the sin which the Talmud states is equal in
severity to transgressing the three cardinal sins of idol worship, murder and
sexual depravity.
(Talmud Yoma 9b)
The Netziv, HaRav Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin (in
Shu"t Mayshiv Davar Vol.1 Siman 44)
famously expounds upon this "baseless hatred"
and explains that it was not just a hatred towards people for petty iniquities,
rather it included a hatred for any Jew who practiced their "Avodas
Hashem" in a different manner than them .
If one saw another Jew relying on a Halachic leniency
which was accepted in that person's community, but wasn't relied upon in their
own circles, instead of accepting that "Eilu V'Eilu Divrei Elokim
Chaim" (See Talmud Eruvin 13b)
, that person was deemed a heretic and was baselessly
hated to the point that people were attacked or even killed for being
different!
(See the Teshuva at length where he bemoans the reality of
this "Sinas Chinam", of not accepting different legitimate views or
ways of serving Hashem , being "alive and well" and the cause
of the Galus extending for so long, unfortunately. See also the Netziv's
commentary on the Torah, Ha'amek Davar Bamidbar, 15:41, Vayikra 19:2 and
Devarim 10:12)
All Jews who long for the arrival of Mashiach and the
rebuilding of the Bais Hamikdash - and the Jewish nation- to its former glory,
should try and rectify themselves during this period, especially in this
crucial area of Sinas Chinam.
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, June 21 , 2013
Double Portion L'Kavod Shabbos Kodesh
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh
1) Swimming in a pool or lake is permitted during the
'three weeks' until Rosh Chodesh Av, at which time it is customary to refrain
from swimming until after Tisha B'Av.
2) When swimming in the 'three weeks' extra care
should be taken to avoid dangerous activity as this time period is predisposed
to Sakana, danger.
(See Halichos Shlomo; Bein Hametzorim Perek 14, Dvar
Halacha 7)
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) Weddings are not celebrated for the duration of the
'three weeks'.
(See Rama Siman 551:2)
It is, however, permitted for a boy and a girl to become
engaged for marriage during the entire 'three weeks', and they may even prepare
a "Tenaim" or engagement Seudah, without music and dancing, until
Rosh Chodesh Av.
(Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 19)
2) From Rosh Chodesh Av until after Tisha B'Av no
engagement Seudah may be held, but a simple "Tenaim writing ceremony"
with light refreshments may be served.
(Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 16. Care should be taken
not to clap or sing too lively lest it lead to dancing which is forbidden. See
Halichos Shlomo; Bein Hametzorim Perek 14, Dvar Halacha 6)
Halachos for Sunday, June 23, 2013
1) The Mishna (Ta'anis 26a) states "Mishenichnas Av M'Ma'atin B'Simcha, When [the month of] Av enters we diminish [our expressions of] Simcha.
Some Poskim go so far as to say that not only must we diminish our Simcha, we must refrain from it altogether. (Mogen Avrohom based on the opinion of Tosefos, quoted in Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 1)
2) Of course this does not mean we should be despondent, as a Jew should never be despondent, rather it means we must feel the pain and sadness of the Churban, the destruction of the holy temple, and do our part to try and hasten the Geulah.
While davening and learning and during the performance
of Mitzvos we are still obligated to do it with Simcha. (See Halichos
Shlomo; Bein Hametzorim Perek 14:Orchos Halacha footnote 11 at length, where he
writes that even on Tisha B'Av itself we must be joyous with the
knowledge of 'Ashreinu Mah Tov Chelkeinu', how fortunate we are to belong
to the Jewish nation etc.)
Halachos for Monday, June 24, 2013
1) One who has a court case with a non-Jew should avoid
it taking place during the month of Av when our Mazel is weakened.(Shulchan
Aruch Siman 551:1 based on Talmud Ta'anis 29b)
2)The court case should be pushed off until Rosh Chodesh
Elul or at least until after Tisha B'Av (the optimal time, if possible, for
such a court case is in the month of Adar when our Mazel is strongest.)(See
Talmud ibid. and Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 2)
Halachos for Tuesday, June 25, 2013
1) We mentioned the Mishna (Ta'anis 26a) that
states "Mishenichnas Av M'Ma'atin B'Simcha, When [the month of] Av enters
we diminish [our expressions of] Simcha.
Until when does this diminishing Simcha continue, and at
what point to we begin increasing the Simcha?
The Mogen Avrohom (quoted in Mishna Berura Siman
551 S"K 2)maintains that the entire month of Av, until Rosh Chodesh
Elul, is a time for diminished Simcha.
The Korban Nesanel (Ta'anis Perek 4 os 5 based
on his understanding of the Zohar Parashas Yisro, quoted in Sha'ar HaTziyun
Siman 551 Os 2) maintains that immediately after Tisha B'Av we once
again start increasing our Simcha.
2) The Chasam Sofer (in his commentary to the
Shulchan Aruch Siman 551:1) rules like the Korban Nesanel that the
Simcha should only diminish until right after Tisha B'Av passes, or at most
until the 15th day of Av, "Tu B'Av", a holiday, a day
of Simcha unparalleled in the Jewish calendar (as is stated in the
very same Mishna Ta'anis 26b) which surely causes the sadness of
"Bein Hametzorim" to pass and the joy to once again begin anew.
He then writes, based on the Talmud Yerushalmi, that the
month of Av is actually split into two parts; from Rosh Chodesh until Tisha
B'Av is called Chodesh Av (and is the sad portion) and from after Tisha B'Av
until Elul is called Chodesh Meachem [Av] (and is the joyous part of the
month).
Interestingly, when dating his Teshuvos (responsa), the
Chasam Sofer often followed the aforementioned formula, and many Teshuvos
written between Rosh Chodesh and Tisha B'Av were dated as written in
"Av" (e.g. Even HaEzer Siman 92) whereas many
written post Tisha B'Av were dated as written in "Menachem" (e.g.
Yoreh Deah Siman42) or as "Menachem Av" (e.g. Even
HaEzer Siman 95)
The prevalent custom amongst Klal Yisroel is to refer to
the entire month as "Menachem Av".
Halachos for Wednesday, June 26, 2013
1) severity of the prohibitions of the 'three weeks'
increase for the last 'nine days' from Rosh Chodesh Menachem Av through Tisha
B'Av, and increase even further for the actual week in which Tisha B'Av falls. (See
Shulchan Aruch Siman 551: 2 and 3)
During the nine days we do not eat meat or poultry, and
we don't drink wine. (See Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 58 and
Aruch HaShulchan Siman 551:24. This includes minors; See Mishna Berura S"K
70)
However, if someone is ill (this includes a mother of a
newborn or similarly ill individual) and meat will make them feel better,
he/she may eat meat. However, If possible, the ill person should abstain from
meat from the 7th of Av (the day the idol worshippers entered the Heichal of
the Bais HaMikdash) until after Tisha B'Av.(See Mishna Berura Siman 551
S"K 61)
The prohibition against eating meat does not apply on
Shabbos or at a Seudas Mitzvah (e.g. Bris, Pidyon Haben, and Siyum on a
tractate of Talmud) (Rama Siman 551:10 and Mishna Berura S"K 73.
We will discuss more details pertaining to "Seudas Mitzvah" tomorrow
B'Ezras Hashem)
2) There is a discussion in the Poskim whether one may
eat leftover meat and meat dishes from Shabbos on Motzaei Shabbos and Sunday.
The prevalent custom, based on the consensus of most contemporary Poskim is to
be stringent with this. (See Aruch Hashulchan Siman 551:24 and Birchei
Yosef Siman 551:6 and Sha'arei Teshuva Siman 551 Os 29)
Regarding the cup of wine at Havdalah, according to many
Poskim it is best to have a child drink it (This child must be old enough to
understand that you are being Motzaei him with the Bracha of HaGafen but not
too old that he comprehends how to mourn the Churban, and thus cannot drink
wine either. Rav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal and other Poskim maintained that
such a child is hard to find and thus rule that it is always best to drink it
yourself even if a child is available). (See Rama Siman 551:10 and
Mishna Berura S"K 70)
If no child is available, the one who recited Havdalah
may drink it.(ibid.)
Halachos for Thursday, June 27, 2013
1) At a "Seudas Mitzvah" during the 'nine days'
meat and wine (during the meal as well as for Birchas Hamazon) is permitted.(Rama
Siman 551:10 and Mishna Berura S"K 72 and 75)
The allowance is not just for the one celebrating the
"Simcha" but also for his wife, children as well as for his friends
and any other man or woman who would otherwise have been invited to the meal
had it not been during the 'nine days' as well. (See Mishna Berura
S"K 73)
2) One who attends the Seudas Mitzvah just in order to
eat meat and drink wine, but has no particular closeness or friendship to the
one making the Simcha has transgressed a sin by eating meat or drinking wine. (Mogen
Avrohom in the name of the MaHaril, quoted in Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K
76)
Only while actually in attendance at the
Seudas Mitzvah is the meat and wine permitted; meat and wine sent from the
Seudah to someone's home is prohibited. (Mishna Berura S"K 75)
Once the actual week of Tisha B'Av arrives, only ten of
the guests (besides the ones making the Simcha) may eat meat and drink wine,
while the rest of the attendees must eat non-meat and wine items. (Rama
ibid. and Mishna Berura S"K 77)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, June 28, 2013
(Double Portion L'Kavod Shabbos Kodesh)
Halachos for Erev Shabos Kodesh
1) A meal in conjunction with a Siyum upon completing a
Masechta (tractate of Mishna or Talmud) is considered a Seudas Mitzvah and
may contain meat and wine when celebrated during the 'nine days'. (Rama
Siman 551:10)
2) If one would not otherwise have finished the Masechta
he was learning in time for a Siyum in the 'nine days' he should not increase
or decrease his speed of learning in order to have it "conveniently"
fall out in time for a meat meal in the 'nine days'.(Mishna Berura Siman
551 S"K 73)
Likewise, if one would usually not make a Siyum with a
meal for finishing whatever it is he finished, had it not been in the 'nine
days', he should not make it during the 'nine days' either. (ibid.)
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) Even those who did not finish the Masechta or even
learn any part of it together with the one making the Siyum, may participate in
the meal and partake of the meat and wine, provided that they would have
participated in the meal had it taken place at a different time of year as
well. (ibid. See also Biur Halacha Dibur Hamaschil V'Siyum Maseches
where he brings a more stringent opinion from Rav Yaakov Emden Zatzal regarding
who may be on the Siyum guest list during the 'nine days')
2) Like any Seudas Mitzvah, once the week of Tisha B'Av
arrives, only ten of the guests (besides the ones making the Siyum) may eat
meat and drink wine, while the rest of the attendees must eat non-meat and wine
items. (Rama ibid. and Mishna Berura S"K 77)
Halachos for Sunday, June 30, 2013
1) A Seudas Bar Mitzvah is considered a Seudas Mitzvah
and a meat meal may be served at the Bar Mitzvah celebration during the 'nine
days'.
If, however, the meal is taking place on a day other
than the actual day on which the boy turns thirteen years of age, it may only
be considered a Seudas Mitzvah, according to some Poskim, if the boy gives a
speech with Torah content(See Chayei Adam Klal 133:16 and Mogen Avraham
Siman 225:4 quoting the Yam Shel Shlomo Bava Kama Perek 5 Siman 37)
In the week in which Tisha B'Av falls, if it isn't the
boy's actual thirteenth birthday, a Seudas Bar Mitvah should not be scheduled,
rather it should be postponed until after Tisha B'av.(Ruling of Harav Chaim
Kanievsky Shlita quoted in Sefer Yad B'Bein Hametzorim page 86 footnote 17)
2) Many people have the custom to make a Seudah on the
eve before a baby's Bris. This is referred to as a "Vacht Nacht
Seudah".(
Some Poskim(Kitzur Shulchan Aruch Siman 122:8) prohibit
serving meat and wine at such a Seudah that takes place during the 'nine days',
while some(See Sha'arei Teshuva Siman 551:33) allow it, besides for
the actual week in which Tisha B'av falls out.
The Shvus Yaakov (Vol. 3 Siman 36, quoted in
Sha'rei Teshuva above) allows only one item (either meat or wine) at
such a Seuda, in order that there at least some sort of a remembrance of the
Churban Bais HaMikdash.)
Halachos for Monday, July 1, 2013
1) It is prohibited to launder clothing, or even to wear
freshly laundered clothing or use freshly laundered linen, tablecloths and
towels, during the nine days, except for on Shabbos. (Shulchan Aruch
and Rama Siman 551:3)
2) It is similarly prohibited to give clothing to a
non-Jewish dry cleaner or Laundromat (or a non-Jewish housekeeper) in this time
period, even if the clothing isn't needed for the nine days, and will only be
picked up and worn after Tisha B'Av. Clothing that is needed for very small
children, may be laundered in small loads, as needed.(Rama ibid. and Mishna Berura
S"K 83)
If a Jew owns a dry cleaners or a Laundromat, he may
clean clothing of non-Jews during the nine days, if his Parnassah depends on
it. (See Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 42)
Halachos for Tuesday, July 2, 2013
1) It is the accepted custom to prohibit showering the
entire body at once in the regular manner during the nine days, even with cold
water, besides for a shower on Erev Shabbos. (Rama Siman 551:16 and
Mishna Berura S"K 94)
2) If one is unable to go nine days without a shower, as
is the case for most people nowadays, certainly in the United States where most
people shower daily, there are various leniencies discussed by the Poskim. Some
allow showering without soap & shampoo. Some Poskim allow only cold showers
(or at least not as hot as one is accustomed to).
Halachos for Wednesday, July 3, 2013
1) Obviously, for medical reasons regular hot showers are
permitted during the 'nine days'.
Thus, pregnant women, mothers of newborns, and
other frail people may shower as necessary. (See Sha'ar HaTziyun Siman
551 os 94. According to many Poskim, one who is extremely sweaty may also
shower, with cold water, to freshen up without shampoo and soap, as this isn't
considered washing for pleasure. See Aruch Hashulchan Siman 551:38 and
Igros Moshe Even HaEzer Vol. 4 Siman 84:4)
2) One who has the custom to immerse in a Mikvah every
day, without fail, may immerse in a Mikvah during the 'nine days' provided the
water is not hot. (See Aruch HaShulchan Siman 551:35)
Likewise, one who has the custom to immerse in a Mikvah
each Erev Shabbos, without fail, may do so on Erev Shabbos Chazon as well,
provided the water is not hot. (Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 95
and Sha'ar HaTziyun os 98)
For Halacha L'Ma'aseh, as always, a Rav must be
consulted.
Halachos for Thursday, July 4, 2013
1) It is prohibited to sew any new clothing or shoes in
the 'nine days', including socks and similar garments. (Shulchan Aruch
Siman 551:7 and Mishna Berura S"K 46.)
New shoes may also not be worn in the 'nine days'. (Mishna
Berura S"K 47)
2) An article of clothing that ripped during the nine
days may be mended and worn, as the prohibition against sewing clothing is only
applicable to making new clothing. Similarly, if a button fell off a shirt or
any other article of clothing, it may be sewn on during the nine days. (See
Kaf HaChaim Siman 551:115)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, July 5, 2013
(Double Portion L'Kavod Shabbos Kodesh)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh
1) One should not purchase new eyeglass frames during the
nine days unless they are necessary for seeing properly. Similarly, one may
purchase new lenses for their current frames if the prescription has increased,
and is thus necessary for improved vision.
2) It is permissible, in the 'nine days' to tie Tzitzis
strings onto the four cornered garment for the first time, thus making them
useable for the Mitzvah, as this isn't considered creating a garment. (Ruling
of HaRav Nisim Karelitz Shlita, quoted in Sefer Yad B'bein Hametzorim page 77)
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) As we mentioned, the severity of the mourning during
Bein Hametzorim increases as it progresses; 'the three weeks' bring with them
certain limitations, the 'nine days' bring additional restrictions and 'Shavua
Shechal Bo, the actual week in which Tisha B'Av falls has the most stringent
Halachos.
In a year when Tisha B'Av falls out on Shabbos and
thus the fast is observed on the following day, Sunday, do we say that there is
no 'Shavua Shechal Bo' at all (as is the case when Tisha B'Av actually
falls out on Sunday. See Mishna Berura Siman 551 S"K 38) or on the
contrary do we deem the entire preceding week as 'Shavua Shechal Bo'?
2) The Shulchan Aruch (Siman 551:4) in
the first opinion rules that there is no 'Shavua Shechal Bo' and none of its
stringencies apply that year. (As although the ninth of Av was on
Shabbos we treat the day we observe it, Sunday the 10th of Av,
as if it was the 9th. See also Shulchan Aruch Siman 554:19 where he
rules like this opinion as well, removing all prohibitions of Tisha B'Av when
it falls out on Shabbos and transferring them to the following day.)
However, in the second opinion he rules that the
entire preceding week is treated as 'Shavua Shechal Bo' (as although
we don't observe the fast on the 9th, due to its being Shabbos, it
is still deemed Tisha B'Av) with the exception of Thursday and Friday
which due to Kavod Shabbos we don't give them a stringent status. (The
Rama in Siman 554:19 rules like this opinion and prohibits marital relations on
this Shabbos, as only public displays of mourning were postponed to the
following day, but otherwise the 9thretains its status as Tisha
B'Av. See Mishna Berura Siman 554 S"K 40 regarding if and when we rule
like the Shulchan Aruch or the Rama in this situation. See also Shu"t
Avnei Nezer Orach Chaim Siman 426 for a lengthier discussion of this
Machlokes.)
For Halacha L'Ma'aseh as to whether 'Shavua Shechal Bo'
applies to Sunday through Wednesday, the 3rd through the 6th of
Av, a Rav should be consulted.
Halachos for Sunday, July 7 2013
1) When Shabbos Chazon falls out on Erev Tisha B'Av (as
it does this year), it is permitted to eat meat and drink wine at all three
meals. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 552:10)
However, the third meal (Seuda Shlishis/Seudah
Hamafsekes) must be finished [with Birchas Hamazon] ample time before sunset,
as the fast begins at sunset , unlike other Shabassos where one may extend his
Seudah Shlishis beyond Sunset and it is still considered Shabbos as long as
Birchas Hamazon was not recited.(See Mishna Berura S"K 24).
2) It is permissible to sing Zemiros at all the Seudos of
Shabbos, even for those who don't usually sing Zemiros every Shabbos. (See
Shu"t Igros Moshe Orach Chaim Vol. 4 Siman 112:1)
One may eat and/or drink at the Seudah Shlishis in order
to have strength to fast on Tisha B'Av; however it's best not to verbalize this
intention, as that would be "Hachana", preparing on Shabbos for after
Shabbos.
Halachos for Monday, July 8 2013
NOTE: The following halachos ar e not applicable this
year, as Tisha B'Av
falls on a Tuesday. We are just reviewing them in
order to have a complete study of Hilchos Tisha B'Av as they may apply.
1) When the ninth of Av falls out on Shabbos and thus the
fast of Tisha B'Av is observed on Sunday, according to the Shulchan Aruch(Siman
554:19) none of the restrictions of Tisha B'Av are applicable on
Shabbos, and thus marital relations are permitted on Shabbos.
However, the Rama (ibid.) rules that
marital relations, as well as washing the hands and face with hot water, are
forbidden on this Shabbos as only public displays of mourning are forbidden on
Shabbos. (See Mishna Berura S"K 39)
The prevalent custom [amongst Ashkenazim] is to be
stringent like the Rama's ruling, except if that Friday night is the Leil
Tevilah, the night the woman immerses in the Mikvah, in which case most Poskim
rely on the Shulchan Aruch's ruling and permit it. (See Mishna Berura
Siman 554 S"K 40)
2) When Tisha B'Av is on Sunday, Havdalah is not recited
on Motzaei Shabbos over a cup of wine, nor is the Bracha recited on the
Besamim, as that is a pleasurable thing to do and thus not appropriate for
Tisha B'Av. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 556:1 and Mishna Berura S"K 1.
See also Aruch HaShulchan Siman 556:1)
However, we do light the Havdalah candle and recite the
blessing of "Borei Me'Orei Ha'Aish", preferably before the reading of
Megilas Eicha commences. (ibid.)
On Motzaei Tisha B'Av (Sunday night) Havdalah
is recited over a cup of wine. Only the Bracha of Hagafen and Havdalah are
recited but not the Pesukim usually said before the Bracha on Motzaei Shabbos
(Hinei Kel Yeshuasi...) and not the Bracha over Besamim or fire, as those are
recited only on Motzaei Shabbos. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 556:1)
"Ata Chonantanu" is recited in the Bracha of
Ata Chonen in Shemona Esrei of Ma'ariv on Motzaei Shabbos that is Tisha B'Av,
as it is every week.
Women who do not daven Ma'ariv should be reminded to say
"Baruch Hamavdil Bein Kodesh L'Chol" before doing any Melachos on
Motzaei Shabbos. (Mishna Berura Siman 556 S"K 2)
Halachos for Tuesday, July 9 2013
1) When Erev Tisha B'Av is on Shabbos, as it is this
year, according to some Poskim it is prohibited to learn Torah (besides for
specific topics which are allowed on Tisha B'Av, which we will discuss more in
detail in a few days B'Ezras Hashem) after Chatzos (Halachic midday) as it is
on a regular weekday Erev Tisha B'Av; this would include studying Pirkei
Avos. (See Rama Siman 553:2)
Before Chatzos all agree that it is permitted to learn
all Torah topics. (See Mishna Berura Siman 553 S"K 9)
2) Other Poskim maintain that it is permitted to learn
the entire Shabbos. (See Mishna Berura Siman 553 S"K 8 where he
quotes many Poskim, including the MaHarshal and the Gaon of Vilna who rule this
way and consider it a "superfluous stringency" to not learn.)
Reading Shnayim Mikra V'echad Targum ,the required
reading of each week's Parasha twice and its Targum once, is permitted.(Kitzur
Shulchan Aruch Siman 125:4)
1) When Tisha B'Av falls on Motzaei Shabbos (or on Friday
night, and is thus postponed until Motzaei Shabbos, as it is this year), the
Seudah Shlishis must be over before sunset. (Rama Siman 552:10)
Additionally, all the other restrictions of Tisha B'Av,
besides wearing leather shoes, must be observed immediately at sunset.(Rama
Siman 593:2 and Chayei Adam Klal 136:1)
The leather shoes are not removed until after
"Barchu" of Ma'ariv is recited, besides for the Ba'al Tefilah who
removes his shoes before Barchu, after reciting 'Baruch Hamavdil Bein Kodesh
L'Chol'. (Rama ibid. and Mishna Berura S"K 7. See also Shemiras
Shabbos Kehilchaso Perek 28 footnote 179 where he quotes another option from
HaRav Shlomo Zalmen Auerbach Zatzal)
2) When the leather shoes are removed after 'Barchu' care
should be taken not to touch the shoes, to avoid having to wash the hands
before continuing Ma'ariv. If they were touched, the hands should be rubbed on
the table, wall or another hard surface. (See Mishna Berura Siman 553
S"K 6)
Halachos for Wednesday, July 10 2013
1) During Ma'ariv on Motzaei Shabbos that is Tisha B'Av,
the Tefilah of "Vi'Hi Noam" which is usually precedes the Tefilah of
"V'Ata Kadosh" is not recited, as it was primarily composed to
commemorate the building of the Mishkan, the forerunner of the Bais HaMikdash,
thus we don't say it on the anniversary of its destruction. (Shulchan
Aruch Siman 559:2 and Mishna Berura S"K 7)
2) Additionally, the Tefilah of "La'Menatzeach
B'neginos" which is recited in many Shuls each Motzaei Shabbos is not
recited, nor is the Tefilah of "Veyiten Lecha" recited on Motzaei
Shabbos that is Tisha B'Av. (Rama Siman 559:2)
Halachos for Thurday, July 11 2013
1) There are five main things that bring a person
enjoyment, and are therefore prohibited on Tisha B'Av:
1.
Eating /Drinking (this includes brushing teeth and rinsing the mouth
with water)
2.
Washing one's body [or hands or face] for pleasure, even in cold water (Washing
the hands upon waking and after using the bathroom is permitted, but only the
fingers, until the knuckles of the hands should be washed)
3.
Smearing soap, oil, lotion, cream etc. for pleasure. (If necessary for
medical or health reasons, it isn't prohibited. Likewise, deodorant may
used to prevent or eliminate odors)
4.
Wearing leather shoes (Even if only part of the shoe is leather)
5.
Marital relations (It is best to be stringent and avoid sharing a bed
or even touching one's spouse on Tisha B'Av, as by Niddah)
2) On Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to learn Torah since
learning Torah brings happiness, as the Posuk states Pekudei Hashem Yesharim,
Mesamchei Lev (Tehilim 19) and on Tisha B'Av all Jews assume
the status of mourners, and thus are prohibited from doing activities that
bring happiness.
It is, however, permitted to learn certain sad
topics that remind us of our bitter Galus ,e.g. Certain parts of Sefer
Yirmiyahu, Midrash Eicha, the Agaddah in the fifth Perek of Gittin (Starting
from 56b ) or the Talmud Yerushalmi at the end of tractate Ta'anis that
deals with the Churban etc. (See Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah Siman
384:4)
Even when learning these permitted topics, they should
not be learned B'Iyun, with too much depth, rather just enough to understand
and internalize what is being learned. (See Mishna Berura Siman 554:5)
The prohibition to learn begins on Erev Tisha B'Av after
Chatzos. However, one may learn the permitted topics B'Iyun on Erev Tisha B'Av,
as only on Tisha B'Av itself do we limit the depth allowed.(See Halichos
Shlomo Perek 15:1. Regarding when Erev Tisha B'Av is on Shabbos, see Halachos
of this past Sunday.)
Halachos for Erev Shabbos Kodesh, July 12 2013
(Double Portion L’Kavod Shabbos Kodesh)
Halachos For Erev Shabbos Kodesh
1) Smoking cigarettes/Cigars is prohibited on Tisha B'Av.
Some authorities allow it after Chatzos (Halachic midday) if done privately. (Many
contemporary Poskim prohibit smoking altogether, even the rest of the year.
See Q&A#542 regarding
the Halachic status of smoking)
2) Non leather shoes that are very comfortable (such as
cozy slippers, air sneakers, crocs, etc.), although M'Ikar Hadin they may be
worn on Tisha B'Av, there is valid Halachic room for stringency to avoid
wearing them.
Halachos for Shabbos Kodesh
1) The Chazon Ish and other Gedolei Yisroel would not
wear any shoes on Tisha B'Av and spent the day in socks or with very thin
footwear so that they would "feel the floor". (See Halichos
Shlomo Perek 15:4. Rav Moshe Sternbuch shlita and Rav Nisim Karelitz shlita
also rule that a Yerei Shomayim, a G-d fearing person, should avoid shoes that
are worn all year round for comfort, even if they aren't leather)
2) Even those who are more lenient on Yom Kippur and wear
comfortable non-leather shoes should be more stringent on Tisha B'Av as we try
to minimize comforts on Tisha B'Av as much as possible. (Halichos
Shlomo Perek 15 footnote 5 quoting the Sha'arei Teshuva Siman 554:11 and
footnotes Orchos Halacha there 19-21)
For Halacha L'Ma'aseh, as always, a Rav must be
consulted.
Halachos for Sunday, July 14 2013
Many people simply sleep with one pillow less than they are accustomed to.
Each person can do whatever it is they feel would minimize their personal comfort, and thus satisfy the spirit of Aveilus. ( Shulchan Aruch and Rama Siman 551:2. See also Toras Moshe from the Chasam Sofer Bereishis 28:11 where he writes that the day that Yaakov Avinu slept on the stone(s) was Tisha B'Av)
Some have the custom to sit on the floor; they should place something, like a towel, between themselves and the floor. (See Shulchan AruchSiman 559:3 and Mishna Berura S"K 10 and Sha'arei Teshuva Os 2)
2) Tefillin is not donned at Shacharis on Tisha B'Av, rather they are worn at Mincha. (See Shulchan Aruch Siman 551:1)
1) Kiddush Levana is recited after Ma'ariv on Motzaei TishaB'Av, but should only be recited after breaking the fast and changing into regular shoes.
Women do not say Kiddush Levana (ever).
It is proper to say Kiddush Levana with a large Minyan(B'Rov Am Hadras Melech), but B'Dieved it may be recited with just another person there or even alone if no one is around.
2) All the Halachos of the nine days (meat, wine, music,cutting hair etc.) are in effect until after midday of the tenth of Av. One who abstains from the above for the entire day (even past midday) is blessed. (Shulchan Aruch and Rama Siman 558:1 and Sha'arei Teshuva Os 2)
It is proper to refrain from marital relations on the night of the tenth of Av, unless that is the night of Tevilah. (Mishna berura Siman 558 S"K 2)
Meat and wine is permitted on Monday morning. (ibid.)]
1) After the conclusion of Shacharis and Kinos on Tisha B'Av morning it is customary to visit a Jewish cemetery and stand at least four Amos away from the actual graves and recite prayers and request that Hashem have mercy on us in the merit of the Neshamos, souls, of the deceased.(Rama Siman 559:10 and Mishna Berura S"K 41)
This visit to the cemetery should be alone or with one more person, but not with a group, as that will be considered a "trip" which is forbidden lest it lead to levity and lightheadedness and our minds forgetting about the Churban Bais HaMikdash. (Mishna Berura ibid. based on Shulchan Aruch Siman 554:21)
1) The final meal before the
fast begins, is referred to as “ Seudah Hamafsekes”.
Only bread and one cooked dish should be eaten at
this meal. (Shulchan Aruch Siman 552)
Many have the custom to eat bread and a hard-boiled
egg, which is a food of mourners. (See Shulchan Aruch Siman 552:6)
The custom is to dip the
bread into ashes as a symbol of mourning the Churban. (Shulchan Aruch ibid.)
Some have the mihag when eating the bread and ashes to to
pronounce "“This is the Tisha B'Av meal” when they eat this meal (Mishna
Brurah Siman 552 S”K 16)
2) After the Seudah Hamafsekes, it is still permissible to
eat and drink until sunset, unless one explicitly accepted verbally [and
according to some Poskim,even mentally] that he wants to begin his fast
already. (See Shulchan Aruch and Rama Siman 553:1)
The Mishna Berura (Siman 553 S”K 2) suggests explicitly
saying, or thinking, that he does not intend to begin fasting until sunset.
Three adult men should not eat together at the Seudas Hamafsekes,
as to avoid being obligated in a zimun.
However, If they did eat together they still do not recite
the zimun at the conclusion of this meal, and each one should reite Brchas
Hamazon on their own.. ( See Shulchan Aruch Siman 552:8 and Mishna Berura S”K
19)
This concludes our studying
the Halachos of Bein Hametzorim.
May it be the will of Hashem
that we not need to review these Halachos ever again, and instead may we all
learn, from our teacher Mashiach Tzidkeinu, the "practical" Halachos
of how to build the Bais Hamikdash and how to bring Karbanos.
לשנה
הבאה בירושלים הבנויה
This concludes our studying the Halachos of Bein Hametzorim.
May it be the will of Hashem that we not need to review these Halachos ever again, and instead may we all learn, from our teacher Mashiach Tzidkeinu, the "practical" Halachos of how to build the Bais Hamikdash and how to bring Karbanos.
לשנה הבאה בירושלים הבנויה
